In spite of the importance of these two components in empathy, several aspects still remain controversial. This possible grounding of empathy in our own emotional experiences explains the necessity for self–other distinction, which is the capacity to correctly distinguish between our own affective representations and those related to the other. The concept of shared representations suggests that during empathy, we co-represent another person's affect by engaging brain and bodily functions underpinning the first-hand experience of the emotion we are empathizing with. Neuroscientific research has identified two fundamental components of empathy: shared emotional representations between self and other, and self–other distinction.
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